Uremic stomatitis-尿毒症口炎

Image taken from Clinical Guide to Oral Diseases.

Uremic stomatitis appears in patients with severe renal failure (chronic renal failure [CRF]: creatinine >4 mg/dl) as multiple superficial ulcerations or fixed whitish plaques resembling leukoplakias and being associated with a burning sensation, uremic breath and pruritus. Uremic stomatitis is a rare complication of longstanding uremia in CRF patients. This may be considered as a chemical burn from ammonia which is released by the action of bacterial ureases into the salivary urea. There are four types of stomatitis: (i) ulcerative; (ii) hemorrhagic; (iii) non-ulcerative pseudomembranous; and (iv) the hyperkeratotic form as the last observed in this patient.