下颌骨骨折中的术语解释

骨折分类的术语，来自Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary:

1. Simple or closed: A fracture that does not produce a wound open to the external environment, whether it be through the skin, mucosa, or periodontal membrane

2. Compound or open: A fracture in which an external wound, involving skin, mucosa, or periodontal membrane, communicates with the break in the bone

3. Comminuted: A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

4. Greenstick: A fracture in which one cortex of the bone is broken, the other cortex being bent

5. Pathologic: A fracture occurring from mild injury because of preexisting bone disease

6. Multiple: A variety in which the there are two or more lines of fracture on the same bone not communicating with one another

7. Impacted: A fracture in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other

8. Atrophic: A spontaneous fracture resulting from atrophy of the bone, as in edentulous mandibles

9. Indirect: A fracture at a point distant from the site of injury

10. Complicated or complex: A fracture in which there is considerable injury to the adjacent soft tissue or adjacent parts; may be simple or compound

解剖部位¹：

1. Midline: Fractures between central incisors

2. Parasymphyseal: Fractures occurring within the area of the symphysis

3. Symphysis: Bounded by vertical lines distal to the canine teeth

4. Body: From the distal symphysis to a line coinciding with the alveolar border of the masseter muscle (usually including the third molar)

5. Angle: Triangular region bounded by the anterior border of the masseter muscle to the posterosuperior attachment of the masseter muscle (usually distal to the third molar)

6. Ramus: Bounded by the superior aspect of the angle to two lines forming an apex at the sigmoid notch

7. Condylar process: Area of the condylar process superior to the ramus region

8. Coronoid process: Includes the coronoid process of the mandible superior to the ramus region

9. Alveolar process: The region that would normally contain teeth

1. Salem JE, et al: Analysis of 523 mandibular fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 26:390, 1968. ↩